Effects of School Feeding Programme on Education

Effects of School Feeding Programme on instructionThe government of Ghana has recognized sanctioned nurtureing as a fundamental building block of the economy. This step is in line with destruction two of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which seeks to achieving a comprehensive prime(a) study by the year 2015 (Ghana MDG Report, 2009). Also, in congruence with GPRS II (GPRS, 2006), Article 38 of the 1992 constitution enjoins government to provide entrance fee to Free Compulsory prevalent Basic Education (fCUBE) to all children of domesticate going age (Constitution of Ghana, 1992). In pursuance of this requirement, a number of plans and programmes bring forth been launched with the government embarking upon several educational reforms and instituting new policy measures toward making education more entranceible to all. These acknowledge the fCUBE programme, education strategic plan, the capitation grant which get downs basic trail unfreeze from both form of condition fees and the NEPAD School Feeding Programme (SFP) ( clairvoyance, 2003).It is important to check that access to education is not an end in itself, but a means to an end. The end results of the education process is that it should translate into quality gentlemans gentleman capital/resource for the state as the GPRSII envisions, hence, the zeal of governments to invest in the education of their people.The capitation grant globally should result in higher account and retention in schools. The school sustenance program complements this by providing for the pupils nutritional needs and enhancing their learning capabilities. All these should translate into higher performance by pupils and for that matter, the production of quality merciful resource required for state development.It should be noted that, beforehand the introduction of the governments school feed programme, the Catholic alleviation Service (CRS,) had already instituted the policy of feeding school childr en in the district. This aside, the origin of the Northern Scholarship Scheme had excessively been in place in the district since the late 1950s, taking c are of the feeding cost of students in Senior High Schools in the district. These had make world-shaking impact on education of the area. In fact, many professors and educated elites in the district owe their current status to these schemes (Nadowli District, 2008)THE PROBLEM STATEMENTThe introduction of the government school feeding programme was to supplement other interventions such as free school uniform and capitation grants. It has since played a crucial role aboard the other interventions in improving both Gross Enrolment proportionality (GER) and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in schools in Ghana. The Upper double-u Region in general, recorded GER increase of 74.1% from 1991/199 2002/2003, 77.3% from 2002/2003 2004/2005 and 81.1% 2004/2005 2005/2006 (RSER-UWR, 2006).Despite the increases in the archive figures, depri ved areas in Ghana continue to encounter serious difficulties in attracting trained teachers classroom accommodation continues to be a line of work with access to teaching and learning materials remaining a headache to stakeholders. These negatively propel the quality of education in these areas including the Nadowli District.The rise in archive figures with no corresponding increase in the number of teachers usually lead to disproportionate Pupils-Teacher Ratio (PTR). Overcrowding in classrooms too becomes phenomenal of such situations with increased enrolment with little attention to the construction classrooms in response to the increasing poesy which does not only sometimes lead to the outbreak of diseases but similarly affects quality of teaching adversely. The composition therefore seeks to investigate how the increasing enrolment figures affect the quality of master(a) education in the Nadowli District. interrogation QUESTIONS main(prenominal) QuestionHow has the sch ool feeding programme affected prime quill school education in the Nadowli District?Sub-questionsHow has the SFP influenced primary school enrolment in the district?How has the SFP influenced pupil retention in schools in the district?What are the implications of the SFP on PTR?How has SFP affected classrooms activity and TLM?Are there lessons for policy formulations? main(prenominal) objectiveTo examine the set up of the school feeding programme on primary school education in Nadowli DistrictSub-objectivesTo determine how the SFP has influenced primary school enrolment in the districtTo assess the influence of SFP on pupils retention in schoolTo examine the implications of the SFP on PTRTo examine the effects of SFP on classrooms activity and TLMsTo draw lessons from the ponder for policy formulationRESEARCH METHODOLOGYData battle array toolsBoth probability and non probability info charm tools impart be employed in the ingathering of primary info in the study. Specifical ly, I go out employ surveys, semi-structured interviews and annotations. The surveys allow be employ to solicit general entropy from the respondents on their views on the take such as on the effects of the SFP on the rate of enrolment. The surveys allow also yield numerical data.The interviews go outing be used to pay back qualitative, specific and in-depth facts about the study. The observation will be used throw out first hand information on the study.Sources of dataThe study will collect data from teachers, parents, pupils, furnishers of the programme, and lag from the district board of directors of education and suppliers of fare these schools.Secondary sources of data such as newspapers, name and internet sources will be make use of. Records of enrolment before and during the SFP will also be used for comparisons. have techniques and sampling unitsI will use purposive sampling to collect data from officials of the district education directorate (the district d irector, the officer in charge of statistics, the planning officer, director of human resource and a overlap supervisor), caterers, head teachers, school prefects, PTA chairpersons, and suppliers of food to the schools.Sampling sizeA sample size of 38 will be surveyed. This will be made of 8 head teachers, 8 school prefects, 8 PTA chairpersons, 8 caterers, 5 officials of the district education directorate and 1 supplier of food to the schools in the district.Data abridgment and presentation soft data collected will be summarized into themes, analyzed and interpreted by the use of descriptive techniques. quantifiable data analysis will be done using ready reckoner programmes a want the SPSS.Tables, charts and graphs would be used to expatiate and present findings for easier understanding and description.RELEVANCE OF THE STUDYThrough findings of the study, stakeholders will be well informed of the relevance or otherwise of the SFP on primary education in the district. Positive outcome will get them connected to success and sustainace of the programme. Also, negative effects of the programme if found will also be addressed.Aside serving as base data for besides research work on the topic, findings of the study will help in policy formulation on the programme.ORGANIZATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORTThe study report will be organized into six chapters as follows for pull presentation.The general introduction of the study as well as the problem statement and the research questions will go into chapter one. This chapter will also checker the research objectives, justification of the study and a brief profile of the study area.Chapter two is the review of books on the topic. It will try conceptualizing and delimit issues that relate to the study and put them in perspective. It will try to research and fill gaps in existing literature available on the study.Chapter collar will examine the methodology employed in the study for the collection of data. How data collected is analyzed and presented will also be made clear in this chapter.Findings of the study and the discussions on it will be presented in chapter iv of the report. This will also take care of secondary data analysis on the study. Illustrations with tabular arrays, figures charts and diagrams will be made for easier understanding and interpretation of findings.Summaries of findings, conclusion and recommendations will be presented in the fifth and last chapter of the report. publications REVIEWThe literature review aims at exploring for areas of agreements and disagreements on the topic. From this, exiting gaps will be identified and efforts made to fill them.The review will cover areas like impact of education tie in interventions in Ghana, the biography of school feeding in Ghana, Ghana education policy framework, recent education related interventions in Ghana and the SFP (arguments and against). See a sample review below. relate of education related interventions in Gh anaCountries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been exploring ways of improving their education systems in order to achieve their shipment to education for all. Ensuring that children have access to free, compulsory and good quality primary education is receiving considerable attention from governments and aid agencies alike as is precondition a consideration in the (GPRS II, 2006). Two main systems through which original governments are using to achieve this aim are the abolition of school fees and the School Feeding Programme. Studies have proven that these interventions are making significant impact in the area of education in the country (ISSER, 2009).The history of school feeding in GhanaThe issue of school feeding dates back to the 1950s when the CPP government instituted the Northern Scholarship Scheme to cater for the feeding cost of students in the northern part of the country. The Catholic backing Services also introduced a feeding scheme in basic schools in the north. Both s chemes were meant to motivate students to get educated. The most recent of these schemes is the SFP which is macrocosm piloted in all districts in the country.Education Policy Framework in GhanaThe 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana under Article 25 (1) guarantees the right of allpersons to equal educational opportunities and facilities by ensuring free, compulsory and universal basic education. Functional literacy is also secured under the constitution and provision is made for resourcing schools at all levels with adequate facilities. Aside the constitutional provisions, the Ghana want Reduction Strategy (GPRS) II recognizes education as the key to piteous the country towards a middle income status by 2015 and as a result identifies the development of human capital as one the tercet thematic areas of the plan. Aside aiming to meet conclusion 2 of the MDGs, the GPRS II also aims to strengthen the quality of education especially at the basic level, make better the qua lity and efficiency in the delivery of education services and connect the sex gap in terms of education access in the country. In 2003, the Education Strategic plan (ESP) based on the want Reduction Strategy came into force and it covered the period 2003-2005. The Strategic picture operated within the framework of a sector wide approach (SWAp) for education and this was situated partly within the multi-donor budgetary support (MDBS) framework (ISSER, 2009). The ESP which provided the framework or roadmap for achieving the education related MDGs was based on four key areas equitable access, education management and Science and technology and vocational education. There were ten policy goals to the ESP and this covered increasing access to and participation in education and training, improving the quality of teaching and learning for enhanced pupil/student (ISSER, 2009). The SFP is one of the interventions that is considered under the policy framework. juvenile Education Related I nterventions in GhanaGhana has been able to make some strides in its education system through certain policy initiatives. These initiatives have goals that have been expressed in policy frameworks andreports like the GPRS I II and the Education Strategic Plan (ESP). The governments commitment towards achieving the educational goal is reflected in these policy frameworks. In accordance with these frameworks, certain policy strategies like the capitation grant and the school feeding program, early childhood development and gender parity have been adopted (ISSER, 2009).RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter examines the methodology that will be employed in the study for the collection of data. Data analysis techniques and the mode of presentation of findings are both treated here.Data collection toolsBoth probability and non probability data collection tools will be employed in the collection of primary data in the study. Specifically, I will use surveys, semi-structured interviews and obse rvations. The surveys will be used to solicit general information from the respondents on their views on the topic such as on the effects of the SFP on the rate of enrolment. The surveys will also yield quantitative data.The interviews will be used to generate qualitative, specific and in-depth facts about the study. The observation will be used gain first hand information on the study.Sources of dataThe study will collect data from teachers, parents, pupils, caterers of the programme, and staff from the district directorate of education.Secondary sources of data such as newspapers, article and internet sources will be made use of. Records of enrolment before and during the SFP will also be used for comparisons.Sampling techniquesThe simple haphazard sampling technique will be applied to the list of the primary schools in the district to select seven of them for the study. This technique will ensure that biases are minimized as much as possible in the infusion of the schools. The same technique will be used for the selection of teachers and pupils for the study. Questionnaires of the surveys will be administered to 100 teachers, 20 pupils and 30 parents in the district.I will also use purposive sampling to collect data from five officials of the district education directorate (the district director, the officer in charge of statistics, the planning officer, director of human resource and a circuit supervisor). Seven caterers will also be surveyed. In all, 162 questionnaires will be administered.The education officials, caterers and some of the teacher will also be interviewed later the surveys.Data analysis and presentationQualitative data collected will be summarized into themes, analyzed and interpreted by the use of descriptive techniques. Quantitative data analysis will be done using computer programmes like the SPSS.Tables, charts and graphs would be used to illustrate and present findings for easier understanding and interpretation. sequence FRAMEA ma ximum of 11 months will be used for the entire research work as indicated in the table below. exertionTIME PERIODLiterature reviewJuly and August, 2010Designing questionnairesSeptember,2010Data collectionOctober to December, 2010Data analysisJanuary and February, 2011Report writingMarch and April, 2011Binding and conformationMay, 2011BUDGETAn estimated amount of One Thousand, One Hundred Ghana Cedis will be required for the research activity. See breakdown in the table below.ACTIVITYCOST (GH)Using the internet and buying of relevant materials for literature review60.00Typing and printing questionnaire20.00Data collection50.00Transportation100.00 communication50.00Printing and binding of report820.00TOTAL1,100.00